Lesson - 1: Development MCQs for Class-10 Economics

 

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MCQs for Class-X Economics

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Key Points:

• The idea of development has always been with us. Development involves thinking about the ways in which we can work towards achieving our goals.
• Besides seeking more income, one way or the other, people also seek things like equal treatment, freedom, security, and respect of others. They resent discrimination.
• Different persons can have different developmental goals, what may be development for one may not be development for the others. It may even be destructive for the others.
• Money, or material things, that one can buy with it, is one factor on which our life depends.
• For development, people look at a mix of goals. It is true that if women are engaged in paid work, their dignity in the household and society increases.
• Developmental goals that people have are not only about better income, but also about other important things in life.
• It is very important to keep in mind that different persons could have different as well as conflicting notions of a country's development.
• For comparing countries, their income is considered to be one of the most important attributes.
• Countries with higher income are more developed than others with less income.
• This is based on the understanding that more income means more of all things that human beings need. Whatever people like, and should have, they will be able to get with greater income. So, greater income itself is considered to be one important goal.
• For comparison between countries, total income is not such an useful measure. Since, countries have different populations, comparing total income will not tell us what an average person is likely to earn.
• Hence, we compare the average income which is the total income of the country divided by its total population. The average income is also called per capita income.
• In World Development Reports, brought out by the World Bank, this criterion is used in classifying countries.
• Countries with per capita income of US$ 12616 per annum and above in 2012, are called rich countries.
• Those with per capita income of US$ 1035 or less are called low-income countries. India comes in the category of low middle income countries because its per capita income in 2012 was just US$ 1530 per annum.
• The rich countries, excluding countries of Middle East and certain other small countries, are generally called developed countries. 
• Infant Mortality Rate (or IMR) indicates the number of children that die before the age of one year as a proportion of 100 live children born in that particular year.
• Literacy Rate measures the proportion of literate population in the 7 and above age group.
• Net Attendance Ratio is the total number of children of age group 14 and 15 years attending school as a percentage of total number of children in the same age group.
• Money in your pocket cannot buy all the goods and services that you may need to live well. Money may also not be able to protect you from infectious diseases, unless the whole of your community takes preventive steps.
• Actually for many of the important things in life the best way, also the cheapest way, is to provide these goods and services collectively.
• Even now, in many areas, children, particularly girls, are not able to achieve secondary level schooling because government/society has not provided adequate facilities.
• Kerala has a low Infant Mortality Rate because it has adequate provision of basic health and educational facilities.
• Similarly, in some states, the Public Distribution System (PDS) functions well. Health and nutritional status of people of such states is certainly likely to be better. 
• Human Development Report published by UNDP compares countries based on the educational levels of the people, their health status and per capita income.
• HDI stands for Human Development Index. HDI ranks in above table are out of 177 countries in all.
• Life Expectancy at birth denotes, as the name suggests, average expected length of life of a person at the time of birth. 
• Per Capita Income is calculated in dollars for all countries so that it can be compared. It is also done in a way so that every dollar would buy the same amount of goods and services in any country.
• Sri Lanka, is much ahead of India in every respect. Nepal has less than half the per capita income of India, yet it is not far behind India in life expectancy and literacy levels.
• “We have not inherited the world from our forefathers — we have borrowed it from our children.”
• Nearly one-third of the country is overusing their groundwater reserves. Groundwater overuse is particularly found in the agriculturally prosperous regions of Punjab and Western U.P., hard rock plateau areas of central and south India, some coastal areas and the rapidly growing urban settlements.
• Groundwater is an example of renewable resources. These resources are replenished by nature as in the case of crops and plants. However, even these resources may be overused.